Thirty-two years after Nigeria’s most controversial election, former military president Ibrahim Babangida has broken his silence in a new autobiography, A Journey in Service, revealing the behind-the-scenes power struggle that led to the annulment of the June 12, 1993, presidential election.
Babangida, who ruled Nigeria from 1985 to 1993, acknowledged the election as “credible, free, and fair,” admitting that Moshood Abiola of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) won convincingly. Yet, in a shocking twist, he blamed his former Chief of Defence Staff, General Sani Abacha, and other military officers for overriding his authority to cancel the election without his consent.
The retired general took responsibility for the debacle but painted a picture of a military deeply divided, with Abacha emerging as an unstoppable force. He recounted how, even as he prepared to leave power in August 1993, removing Abacha was impossible. By November, Abacha had seized control, installing himself as head of state in a coup that would later define Nigeria’s darkest political years.
Revisiting the fateful days leading to the annulment, Babangida described a chaotic scene. On June 10, just two days before the election, a shadowy political group, the Association for a Better Nigeria (ABN), secured an injunction from an Abuja High Court, halting the polls. Led by the controversial Arthur Nzeribe, the ABN had spent months lobbying for military rule extension. Though Babangida admitted Nzeribe had ties to him, he insisted he did not sanction ABN’s actions.
Confusion engulfed the government as conflicting court rulings emerged. While a Lagos court insisted the election proceed, Attorney General Clement Akpamgbo advised compliance with the Abuja order. Babangida, however, stood firm. In a heated security meeting on June 11, top military officers, including Abacha and Lt-General Joshua Dogonyaro, pushed for postponement. But Babangida turned to the National Electoral Commission (NEC) chairman, Professor Humphrey Nwosu, and declared: “Go ahead with the elections.”
Voting proceeded on June 12. Nigerians braved the polls, hopeful democracy had finally arrived. But then, on June 16, NEC abruptly stopped announcing results. Babangida claimed he was blindsided. “I knew instantly that certain fifth columnists were at work,” he wrote. The court battles intensified as ABN secured another ruling to halt the results.
Then came June 23. As Babangida traveled to Katsina for a funeral, a decision was made behind his back. A hastily written statement, devoid of presidential seals, was read out by Admiral Augustus Aikhomu’s press secretary, Nduka Irabor. The election was annulled. Babangida was stunned. “I was alarmed and horrified… I knew I was caught between a devil and the deep blue sea,” he admitted.
The next two months became a scramble for survival. Pressured from all sides, Babangida resigned on August 26, handing power to an interim government led by Ernest Shonekan. But Abacha had other plans. By November, he swept in, ending the short-lived transition and plunging Nigeria into an era of dictatorship.
Reflecting on his role, Babangida said he had come to fully accept that Abiola won the election fair and square. In the book’s appendix, he published the official results: Abiola secured 8,128,720 votes against Bashir Tofa’s 5,841,847, surpassing the constitutional requirements for victory.
“I regret June 12. I take full responsibility,” Babangida wrote. But his memoir also serves as an indictment of the forces he claims outmaneuvered him. The ghosts of June 12, it seems, still haunt Nigeria’s most enigmatic military ruler.